Emphysema severity index, ESI
ESI is a novel numerical marker for the assessment of emphysema presence and severity. The emphysema severity index is derived from standard spirometry and was shown to correlate with levels of emphysema estimated on Computed Tomography CT. Recent studies demonstrated that ESI is significantly correlated to respiratory death risk at a rate that is of clinical relevance.
Essential bibliography:
M. Occhipinti, M. Paoletti, B.J. Bartholmai, S. Rajagopalan, R.A. Karwoski, C. Nardi, et al. Spirometric assessment of emphysema presence and severity as measured by quantitative CT and CT-based radiomics in COPD
Respir. Res., 20 (1) (2019 May 23), p. 101
Occhipinti M, Paoletti M, Crapo JD, Make BJ, Lynch DA, Brusasco V, Lavorini F, Silverman EK, Regan EA, Pistolesi M. Validation of a method to assess emphysema severity by spirometry in the COPDGene study.
Respir Res. 2020 May 1;21(1):103. doi: 10.1186/s12931-020-01366-4.
Dal Negro RW, Paoletti M, Pistolesi M. Standard spirometry to assess emphysema in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: the Emphysema Severity Index (ESI). Multidiscip Respir Med. 2021 Dec 6;16(1):805. doi: 10.4081/mrm.2021.805. PMID: 35003734; PMCID: PMC8672489.
Luoto J, Pihlsgård M, Pistolesi M, Paoletti M, Occhipinti M, Wollmer P, Elmståhl Sö, Emphysema severity index (ESI) associated with respiratory death in a large Swedish general population, Respiratory Medicine (2022), doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmed.2022.106899.
For ESI information and calculation please visit the following link: